ROSec: Intra-Process Isolation for ROS Composition With Memory Protection Keys

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Robot Operating System</i> (ROS) is a software framework for robotic systems that includes various packages for developing robotic applications. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Composition</i> is a package that combines multiple applications, namely, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nodes</i> , to be loaded and executed in a single process. However, permitting multiple nodes to share the address space could expand the attack surface such that vulnerabilities in a node are more likely to be exploited to subvert nodes running in the same space. We propose ROSec, an in-process isolation solution for ROS composition that utilizes Intel Memory Protection Keys. ROSecaims to enforce memory isolation between nodes within a process by preventing unauthorized access from one node to another. Unlike previous works that assume the number and sizes of nodes are statically defined and partitioned by developers, ROSecis designed to handle the dynamic nature of nodes that can be loaded and executed in a process at any time during execution. To achieve this, ROSecadopts a unique scheduling mechanism that utilizes the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">executor-centric</i> execution model of ROS to perform two main operations for MPK-based isolation: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">protection key assignment</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reassignment</i> . Our evaluation shows that ROSeceffectively enforces in-process isolation while incurring a 6.4% performance overhead on a real-world application. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —Cyber-Physical Systems are the core of modern applications, particularly robotics, as they integrate computing and physical processes. ROS necessitates real-time and security guarantees, which, unfortunately, trade-off with each other. While traditional ROS architecture relies on process isolation to separate various nodes, ROS2 introduces a feature called composition, which allows multiple nodes to run inside a single process, thus exposing various nodes to potential malicious compromises from others. This paper proposes a technique that utilizes Intel memory protection keys (MPK) to provide intraprocess isolation for ROS composition. Given that ROS nodes are dynamic, ROSEC provides key assignment and reassignment techniques to configure MPK dynamically.