Botanical and SFE aided need base systemic scientific inaugurate of Delphinium denudatum root Wall. an unexplored jeopardise medicinal plant

The endangered medicinal plant Delphinium denudatum Wall. is widely recognized by the medical community for its potential in treating neurological disorders. Despite its known health benefits, it has not been thoroughly investigated. Further research is required using scientifically recognized analytical techniques to fully explore its therapeutic potential. The use of traditional methods for extracting botanicals raises concerns about both environmental damage and potential health risks due to the extensive use of organic solvents. In response to these issues, this research utilizes environmentally-conscious and eco-friendly methods for botanical extraction. Recently, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has emerged as a preferred technique for extracting plant material due to its high efficiency and yield. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the solvent of choice in SFE because of its effective diffusion into plant material at low temperatures, as well as its environmentally friendly properties. In this study, the optimal conditions for SFE were determined to be a pressure of 200 bar, a temperature of 80 °C and a CO2 flow rate of 15 g. min-1 to achieve to achieve maximum yield of Delphinium root extract (DRE). The result demonstrated that SFE produced an optimal extract yield with three productivity levels: level-I (0.8 % w/w), level-II (1.2 % w/w) and level-III (0.95 % w/w). Furthermore, a botanical examination verified the integrity of cell structures, while physicochemical evaluations help establish quality standards for the extract. Phytometabolites mapping of the SFE- derived DRE was performed using HPTLC under various conditions, including daylight, postderivatization and at 254 nm and 366 nm. Additionally, community reports validated the effectiveness of DDR against harmful microorganisms, with zones of inhibition observed against Staphylococcus aureus (ZI: 5.21 ± 0.29); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZI: 7.48 ± 0.53); Aspergillus niger (ZI: 8.15 ± 0.9) at concentrations of 100 ?g mL-1 and 500 ?g mL-1 of the DRE respectively. In conclusion, this research strongly supports the use of D. denudatum extracts obtained via SFE as a potential treatment for various pathogenic disease. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous scientific evidence documenting the successful extraction of D. denudatum using SFE. Additionally, the protective properties of SFE-derived DRE against pathogenic microorganisms had not been previously explored. Thus, the present study identifies D. denudatum as a promising candidate for the development of drugs to combat pathogenic infections.