The Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Different Wheat Varieties

Nitrogen fertilizer application plays a crucial role in optimizing wheat production, affecting both yield formation and grain quality. However, balancing these two goals remains challenging due to differences in the response of different varieties to nitrogen fertilizer and the physiological trade-offs between yield and quality traits. This study systematically summarizes the current research on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on different wheat varieties, focusing on growth stage regulation, root development, nutrient absorption, protein accumulation, starch synthesis and overall grain quality. It explores the genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and identifies key traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control nitrogen uptake, utilization and response in high-gluten, medium-gluten and low-gluten wheat. Through case studies of some wheat genotypes, it illustrates how the adaptability of varieties to nitrogen input affects yield and processing quality under different cultivation systems. This study hopes to combine genomic tools with precision fertilization practices to provide a sustainable way to achieve high yield, high quality and reduced nitrogen input in wheat production systems.