Discussion on high-efficiency cultivation technology of legume crops under different soil types

Soil type is one of the key factors affecting the growth and yield of legume crops. This study reviews the physical and chemical properties of major soil types such as clay, loam and sandy soil, as well as the limiting effects of soil pH, permeability and nutrient status on nitrogen fixation and growth of legume nodules. In response to the problems existing in different soils, the study discusses the farming measures of improving soil structure, increasing organic matter, and adjusting pH, as well as the strategies of optimizing fertilization formula and inoculating microbial agents such as rhizobia according to soil type. At the same time, the study summarizes the practical cases of improving the yield and quality of legume crops in typical ecological regions (black soil area in Northeast China, alkaline soil area in Huanghuai, and red soil area in Southwest China), including the integrated application of technologies such as straw return to the field, application of soil conditioners, water-fertilizer integration, and mulching. The study shows that there are significant differences in high-yield cultivation of legumes under different soil conditions, and corresponding soil management and cultivation regulation technologies need to be adopted according to local conditions. This study proposes a prospect for the integrated innovation and regional promotion of legume crop cultivation technology in the future, in order to provide a scientific basis for achieving high yield and high efficiency of legume crops.