Investigation into The Impact of Cutting Modes on Surface Roughness During Machining Gray Cast Iron on A CNC Lathe

The influence of cutting parameters and chip characteristics on surface roughness during the machining of gray cast iron on a CNC lathe is considered. Experimental studies were conducted, measuring surface roughness at various cutting speeds and depths. A portable roughness tester, TR220, was used for surface roughness measurements. Based on the obtained data, mathematical modeling was performed, revealing the relationship between surface roughness and cutting parameters, as well as chip characteristics. Regression equations were developed to establish the influence of individual factors on the final surface quality. The adequacy of the planned experiment was confirmed by calculations (Fcalc. = 1.15 < Ftable = 4.46), based on which a practical experiment was conducted. To obtain high-quality parts during CNC machining, it is recommended to machine gray cast iron with a diameter of 38-36 mm under the following parameters: j = 2000 rpm, t = 1.5 mm. This work can be useful for optimizing cutting parameters to improve the quality of machined gray cast iron parts.