Hydrogel‐based metal–organic frameworks doped into Mn/Ni oxide for the effective removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from water

Abstract This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the adsorption properties of a novel, recyclable, and environmentally friendly nanocomposite containing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and a biopolymer hydrogel infused with a nanocatalyst. Copper MOFs were prepared via aqueous synthesis. A green nanocatalyst composed of Mn/Ni oxide was synthesized utilizing the Dalbergia sissoo plant. Hydrogel‐based Mn/Ni oxide doped CuMOFs (doped‐CuMOFs/Hy) were finally prepared. The structure and composition of doped‐CuMOFs/Hy have been confirmed through various characterization analyses. The doped‐CuMOFs/Hy effectively removed 99% of the ciprofloxacin (CIP) from the aqueous solution under optimal conditions of pH 8, a 60‐minute duration, an adsorbent dose of 0.03 g, and a CIP concentration of 25 mg/L. It had a maximum adsorption capacity of 4525.29 mg/g. The mechanism was summarized by linear and non‐linear isotherm and kinetic models. The reusability test after five cycles showed 81% CIP removal. Successfully implementing this material in industrial water systems could have a significant impact on environmental research. Additionally, its cost‐effectiveness would provide substantial benefits to global economy.