Differential Expression Analysis of Transcriptome in Grape Leaves under High Temperature and Low Light Stress at the Flowering Stage

设施葡萄花期短时极端高温及弱光胁迫对后期生长发育产生显著影响，对生产造成严重损失。文章以设施葡萄“宁葡1号”为试材，研究了花期短时极端高温及弱光对葡萄叶片转录组基因差异表达的影响，通过分析花期短时极端高温及弱光条件下葡萄叶片转录组差异表达，发现花期短时高温单膜覆盖处理与对照相比上调基因1790个，下调基因3702个；花期高温双膜覆盖处理与对照相比上调基因1814个，下调基因4009个；花期短时高温单膜覆盖与双膜覆盖相比上调基因513个，下调基因909个。基因功能富集分析发现，花期高温单膜覆盖与双膜覆盖处理差异基因显著上调表达的组分有药物分解代谢过程、催化活性的负调控、分子功能的负调控；显著下调表达的组分有细胞壁组织、多糖代谢过程；上调与下调表达均显著的组分为葡聚糖代谢过程；在细胞组成中显著上调表达的组分为质膜成分。代谢通路富集分析发现花期高温单膜、双膜覆盖处理与对照相比差异基因有65条被注释在植物–病原体相互作用代谢通路中。The short-term extreme high temperature and low light stress during the flowering period of the facility grapes had a significant impact on the growth and development of grapes in the later stage, causing serious losses to production. In this paper, the effects of extreme high temperature and low light during the short-term flowering period on the differential expression of transcriptome genes in grape leaves were studied, in order to provide a basis for further study of related molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the expression of transcriptome differential genes in grape leaves under short-term extreme high temperature and low light conditions during flowering, it was found that 1790 genes were up-regulated and 3702 genes were down-regulated in the high-temperature single-film mulching treatment at the flowering stage compared with the control. Compared with the control, 1814 genes were up-regulated, and 4009 genes were down-regulated. Compared with double membrane mulching, there were 513 up-regulated genes and 909 down-regulated genes compared with double-membrane mulching at high temperatures at the flowering stage. Gene function enrichment analysis showed that the components that significantly up-regulated the expression of differential genes between single and double membrane coverage treatments at high temperatures at the flowering stage included drug catabolic process, negative regulation of catalytic activity, and negative regulation of molecular function. The components that were significantly down-regulated included cell wall organization and polysaccharide metabolism. The components with significant up-regulation and down-regulation were dextran metabolism. The components that are significantly up-regulated in cell composition are plasma membrane components. Metabolic pathway annotation enrichment analysis showed that 65 differential genes were annotated in the plant-pathogen interaction metabolic pathway compared with the control in the single and double membrane coverage treatments at high temperatures at the flowering stage.