Research on factors affecting hydrogen content in steel and technological methods for its reduction in steelmaking

This article examines the impact of dissolved hydrogen in steel on the formation of flakes. A method for measuring hydrogen content in liquid steel is described. Various approaches to hydrogen removal from liquid steel during both furnace melting and secondary steel processing are explored. Particular attention is paid to technological solutions aimed at minimizing hydrogen saturation during steel casting. The study provides a detailed account of implementing a working layer lining for intermediate ladles in continuous casting machines (CCMs) using dry masses.