European identity of the Scottish Nation: historical prerequisites for the formation and the modern stage

The article is devoted to the formation of Scottish national identity with an emphasis on its European dimension. The 1999 devolution, which expanded regional autonomy and participation in EU affairs, allows us to talk about the close contact of Scottish identity with the European identity, that means self-identification of the Scottish nation as part of "Greater Europe". After the Brexit referendum, during which the Scots supported membership in the EU, the features in the differences between Scottish and British identity became especially evident. Brexit only strengthened Scotland's desire for autonomy and deepening ties with Europe, which plays a key role in its modern politics. The methodological basis of the study is the historical and genetic approach, which is used to analyze the process of formation of Scottish identity from the time of Norman influence to modern realities. The institutionalist approach involves studying referendums and parliamentary debates, which helps to identify the connection between the Scots’ desire for autonomy and European integration. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the formation of Scottish national identity through its European dimension. Author combained historical, cultural and political aspects, which include the influence of the Norman Conquest, the Franco-Scottish Alliance, cultural transformation during the Renaissance, devolution of 1999 and the Brexit referendum of 2016. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between historical events, cultural changes and political aspirations of the region. The findings of the article emphasize that Scottish national identity, formed under the influence of both internal aspirations for autonomy and external European factors, plays a key role in the political dynamics of the region. Brexit has sharpened the differences between Scottish and British identities, leading to increased debate about independence. However, deepening European integration remains an important focus for Scotland.