An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Biosensor for Detecting IgG in Human Urine

IgG (immunoglobulin G) is the most abundant serum antibody found in blood circulation in humans and is not present in healthy human urine. The detection of IgG in urine is closely related to valuating the severity and predicting the trend of glomerulitis and other chronic kidney diseases. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensors are highly sensitive and ideal for detecting IgG in urine. This technique uses micro-gap parallel plate electrode (PPE) as the electrode of the EIS biosensor and antifouling Y-shaped peptides as biometric element combined with PPE. The development of an EIS biosensor that provides an expedited and precise method for the detection of IgG in human urine would represent a significant advance.