Modulatory role of cannabidiol and sleep recovery on hepato-renal functions and histological alterations triggered by sleep deprivation in adult male Wistar rats

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sleep deprivation is a significant health concern, affecting various physiological systems, including hepatic and renal functions. Cannabidiol, a compound found in cannabis plants, has gained attention for its therapeutic potential through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cannabidiol and recovery sleep on hepatorenal functions and histological changes in the kidneys and liver of adult male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6) and were given the following treatments for 21 days: the control group (1ml/kg body weight distilled water), group II [1ml/kg body weight distilled water + 18 hours of sleep deprivation (SD)], group III [10mg/kg body weight of cannabidiol (CBD) + 18 hours SD], group IV [20mg/kg body weight of CBD + 18 hours SD] and group V [1ml/kg body weight distilled water + 18 hours SD + 7 days sleep recovery (SR)]. The modified multiple-platform method was used to induce rapid eye movement sleep deprivation. On completion, the animals were euthanized, and the blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) & Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], kidney electrolyte, urea and creatinine, serum proteins and oxidative stress biomarker [malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The kidney and liver were harvested, processed, and stained with haematoxylin & eosin for general histoarchitecture. RESULTS: Results from this study showed no notable differences in CBD and SR groups in the liver enzyme concentrations of AST, ALT and ALP], kidney electrolytes and proteins [potassium ions (K+), urea and creatinine] and oxidative stress biomarker (MDA), but there was a remarkable ameliorative effect in the histology of the kidneys and liver of CBD-treated and SR groups compared to the SD-alone group. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study showed that seven days of sleep recovery and treatment with CBD alleviated the detrimental effects of chronic sleep deprivation on the kidneys and liver of the Wistar rats.