Utilization of Plastic Bag Waste as A Substitute in OpenGraded LASTON AC-WC Mixtures with 60/70 Penetration Asphalt Binder

This study explores the use of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste as a substitute material in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) open-graded mixtures with 60/70 penetration bitumen binder. Aimed at reducing unmanaged plastic waste and mitigating water ponding on roads, the research evaluates the effects of varying LDPE substitution percentages (5%, 7.5%, 10%) and sizes (0.25 cm² to 12.25 cm²) on asphalt's mechanical and permeability properties. Key findings show that an optimal 7.5% LDPE substitution enhances Marshall stability, permeability, and void characteristics (VIM, VMA, VFA), meeting standards from the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and Australian Asphalt Pavement Association. Permeability coefficients (0.1–0.5 cm/s) ensure effective drainage, reducing risks of water pooling. The study concludes that LDPE-modified asphalt improves road safety and durability while addressing environmental concerns, offering a sustainable, cost-effective solution for road construction. Future research should investigate long-term performance and scalability