A Study on Urban Park Design from the Perspective of Environmental Perception: Exploring Future Landscapes to Enhance Well-being and Social Inclusion for Vulnerable Groups

Urban green spaces, including parks, are essential for promoting well-being and social inclusion for vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, people with disabilities, and those living in low-income areas. This work examined how environmental perception influences the experience of these groups in urban parks, adopting a mixed-methods approach to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Structured surveys, in-depth interviews and field observations assessed the aspects of park design that impact the users experience, including accessibility, sensory stimulation and perceived sense of safety. The findings showed that accessible pathways, multi-sensory elements and areas for social interactions are positively associated with the experience of the users, ultimately promoting well-being and social inclusion. More specific challenges and preferences were also highlighted, such as the need for more ramps, the concentration of shaded seating close to sensory elements and the provision of more safety measures. The findings stress the importance of inclusive and considerate park design to support the needs of urban populations. This study provides valuable support for urban planners and policymakers in the creation of parks that promote well-being, social inclusion and community interaction.