The use of Carbon Nanotubes in Enhancing Bone Implants

Nowadays, traditional implants (for instance, Ti-based alloy, 316L stainless steel and Mg alloy) still suffer from defects such as poor wear resistance and may degrade and release toxic ions. These properties may inhibit cell viability, causing a stress shielding effect, and requiring multiple operations to make the implants function properly (but too many surgeries will put a burden on the patient's body). The superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and potential to enhance implant function have made carbon nanotubes (CNTs) a significant interest in bone implants. This study investigates the integration of CNTs into various alloys, focusing on their effects on mechanical strength, wear resistance, and biocompatibility. CNT-reinforced alloy composites exhibit enhanced tensile and compressive strengths and increased hardness, making them suitable for orthopaedic applications. In addition, CNTs improve cell adhesion and show antimicrobial properties, making them promising for reducing the infection risk of biomedical implants. CNT-doped alloys offer a lot of potential to enhance bone implant function overall, but more study is required to maximize its application in clinical situations.