The Interactions between Earthquakes and Climate

Exploring the interactions between climate change and seismic activityspecifically how each influences the otherremains critical yet unresolved in the science community. This research summarises various aspects of earthquake-climate interaction, addressing how seismic activity affects the climate with and without volcanic eruptions, the influence of climate change on earthquakes in polar regions, particularly those involving glaciers, and the general impact of climate on seismic events. During an earthquake, stress accumulation can lead to the formation and expansion of these microcracks, generating frictional heat and causing a local temperature increase. Particularly, volcanic eruptions associated with earthquakes will release sulfuric acid aerosols into the atmosphere, reflecting solar radiation and triggering cooling effects. By analysing the three stages of glacier movement, methane release after glacier fractures is having a significant impact on the climate, which will increase its temperature dramatically. Moreover, changes in the effective stress on rocks are affected by the larger volumes of rainfall and the increased temperature, contributing to the occurrence of earthquakes. Overall, this study sheds light on the compound impacts of severe earthquake-climate events and offers potential insights for operational forecasting, highlighting the intricate ways these phenomena interconnect to drive significant environmental disasters