Additives in Interfacial Engineering for Performance Improvement of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their high efficiency and low cost. However, challenges remain in addressing non-radiative recombination at interfaces and improving stability, largely due to interfacial defects, energy level mismatches, and environmental factors. Interfacial engineering, as an effective approach, can significantly enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by optimizing energy level alignment, improving charge transport, and reducing defect density. This paper reviews the application of interfacial engineering in PSCs, focusing on common interfacial modifiers, such as organic small molecules, polymers, and two-dimensional materials, and systematically review their mechanisms in optimizing charge transport and passivating interfacial defects. Summarizing recent research progress in interfacial engineering, this study highlights future directions towards multifunctionality, commercialization, and environmental sustainability.