Comprehensive Analysis of Design Trends in Scattered Power Systems Utilizing Hydrogen as the Power Carrier

In this paper, the technological applications of hydrogen in the distributed energy systems are explored and various technological solutions such as gasification units, fuel cells, electrolyzers, hydrogen storage methods and methanation reforming reactors are analyzed. The study shows that electrolysis and fuel cells are widely recognized as the preferred technologies for incorporating hydrogen into energy systems, with alkaline electrolyzers in particular being favored for their greater capacity and technological advantages. Besides, research on hydrogen storage has focused on gas storage methods, as liquefied hydrogen requires great economic and energy inputs at low temperatures and high pressures. End uses of hydrogen include hybrid fuels, storage media and industrial raw materials. The results show that the widespread use of hydrogen energy storage is a direct result of the integration of renewable resources and indicate the potential of distributed energy systems for the sustainable provision of transportation fuels and raw materials. In addition, it analyzes a systematic assessment of hydrogen as an energy source, focusing on economic, technological, and environmental issues, noting that about 80% of the studies focus on economic factors, and emphasizes the importance of establishing an integrated framework to facilitate the application of hydrogen technology