2D Black Ferroelectric Perovskite Nanocatalysts Enable Defect Modulation‐Augmented Piezocatalytic Glioma Therapy

Abstract Enhancing the efficacy of glioma treatment poses a significant challenge. Ferroelectric nanomaterials, renowned for their remarkable piezoelectric properties, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to external stimuli or specific environmental conditions. This characteristic positions them as promising platforms for highly effective cancer therapies. In this study, two‐dimensional (2D) black Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 ferroelectric perovskite nanocatalysts with engineered oxygen vacancies are designed as potent sources of ROS for efficient glioma therapy. The band bending due to ferroelectric polarization and the narrowed bandgap induced by engineered oxygen vacancy defects effectively enhance carrier separation, suppress recombination rates, and markedly increase ROS production. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways contribute to the favorable anti‐tumor effects. In vitro cellular‐level assessments and in vivo antineoplastic evaluations unequivocally demonstrate the enhanced cytotoxicity and effective tumor suppression enabled by this piezo‐catalytic treatment strategy. This research underscores the role of defect engineering in optimizing the effectiveness of ferroelectric semiconductors for catalytically inducing apoptosis in glioma cells.