Online Learning Technology: Implications on Mental Health and Learning Outcomes of Students

This study examines the impact of online learning on students' mental health and learning outcomes at Batam University, focusing on digital literacy, socio-emotional engagement, digital skills, and the home learning environment. The transition to online learning, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, has reshaped educational practices, introducing both opportunities and challenges for students. A quantitative approach with an explanatory survey method was adopted to analyze the direct and indirect effects of online learning on mental health and learning outcomes. The study involved 110 Mechanical Engineering students from the 2021, 2022, and 2023 cohorts. Data were collected using a questionnaire with 20 items for each variable, assessed on a Likert scale. Data validity and reliability were tested using SPSS, while path analysis with AMOS was employed to evaluate relationships between variables. The results indicate that online learning significantly affects students' mental health, particularly increasing academic anxiety and stress levels. However, it positively influences learning outcomes, especially in metacognitive skills, though challenges persist in collaborative skills and creativity. Digital skills and the home learning environment are critical factors in achieving successful learning outcomes. This study concludes that while online learning provides flexibility and innovation, it also presents psychological and social challenges. Increasing socio-emotional engagement and adopting a more holistic approach are necessary to mitigate mental health issues and enhance learning outcomes, ensuring that online education supports both the well-being and academic success of students.