Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of TecnoBody D-Wall to Assess the Range of Motion During Overhead Squat in Healthy Individuals

This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the TecnoBody D-Wall system in assessing joint range of motion (ROM) during overhead squat movements in healthy individuals, using Kinovea as a reference tool for data comparison. A total of 29 participants (16 males, 13 females) with a mean age of 28.41 ± 6.66 years were included. Measurements were conducted for hip and knee joint angles in the sagittal plane, with three repetitions per participant analyzed using both systems. The D-Wall system employed a 3D Kinect V2 camera and force platform, while Kinovea used 2D video-based motion analysis. The results demonstrated excellent agreement between the two systems, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.79 to 0.99. For the knee joint, the test-retest ICC values were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) for Kinovea and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99) for the D-Wall on the right side, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) for Kinovea and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79-0.94) for the D-Wall on the left side. For the hip joint, test-retest ICC values were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) for Kinovea and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88-0.97) for the D-Wall on the right side, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) for Kinovea and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.97) for the D-Wall on the left side. Bland-Altman plots confirmed good agreement, with no significant systematic bias observed. Both systems showed statistically insignificant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between measurements, and correlation values ranged from 0.83 to 0.99, indicating strong associations. These findings highlight the high validity and reliability of both TecnoBody D-Wall and Kinovea systems in measuring joint angles during dynamic movements. The comparable accuracy between systems suggests that either system can be effectively utilized in clinical or research settings, depending on specific needs and resource availability.