Phosphatidylcholine and Follistatin Revisited: Unveiling New Indications for These Panaceas in Human Health and Disease

Phosphatidylcholine and follistatin, with their versatile and wide-ranging medical applications, have intrigued for more than 20 years [3]. They account for more than 50% of the total phospholipids in human cell membranes and up to 95% of the total choline pool in most tissues, playing a significant role in the structure and function of these membranes. Phosphatidylcholine, for instance, has made an impact as a lipid-lowering drug [1]. This drug has also effectively detected certain cancers, treated ulcerative colitis recalcitrant to empirical therapy, and steered osteoclast and osteoblast cells to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis [2,3,8]. PC also aids in diagnosing and monitoring the treatment progress of Multiple sclerosis and sculpting the body via local subcutaneous lipolysis [10]. Follistatin, on the other hand, is a celebrated muscle builder and sexual libido enhancement and prevents bone and cartilage degeneration [16,17]. Its primary role is antagonising and neutralising the activity of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members [13]. Follistatin administration foils muscle diseases such as sarcopenia, and local subcutaneous follistatin injections decrease body weight and eliminate visceral fat [15,18]. Interestingly, natural plasma follistatin levels are elevated years before the onset of type 2 diabetes [13]. Follistatin maintains vascular health and offers a new treatment option for keloids [20,23].