Encoding quantum optical phase-space with classical wireless microwave constellation

This paper establishes the theoretical framework to enable the seamless transfer of digital information from the classical microwave domain to the quantum optical domain in wireless-to-optical converters. It introduces a quantum mechanical network model to characterize digital information mapping from microwave to optical domains in seamless wireless-to-optical converters based on antenna-coupled electro-optic modulators. Key design principles are outlined to optimize information mapping strength, supported by analytical and physical reasoning. The model is further extended to demonstrate phase-space encoding of optical coherent states using classical microwave constellations. In addition, the framework addresses the challenge of inter-symbol overlap in the quantum optical phase-space due to quadrature fluctuations and proposes a potential mitigation technique. The foundational framework established in this paper can also enable the encoding of other nonclassical states of light, such as squeezed states, thereby paving the way for integrating classical microwave and quantum optical links in the near future.