Utilizing satellite remote-sensing and meteorological data to evaluate potential green-power sites inland and offshore of Taiwan

Due to its limited energy resources, Taiwan heavily relies on imported natural gas and coal for electricity generation. With the European Union planning to implement a carbon tax on heavy industries by 2026 and the United Nations targeting net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the urgency for green electricity has intensified. This research identifies optimal locations for wind turbines and photovoltaic panels to maximize renewable energy production in Taiwan. Our analysis utilized satellite remote sensing data (AMSR-2, SSMI, GMI, SMAP, ASCAT) validated by the ESA's ERA5 model. Findings indicate that the Taiwan Strait, especially near Changhua, is highly suitable for wind turbines, with wind speeds ranging from 5 m/s to 20 m/s, peaking in winter. For photovoltaic panels, effectiveness is influenced by solar radiation values (G) and efficiency losses above 25°C. Short Wave Radiation (SWR) data from Himawari-8/9 shows that southern Taiwan has high average SWR values, ranging from 170 W/m² to 270 W/m². Additionally, combining the 2-meter land temperature data from the ERA5 reanalysis, we computed the predictable power generation across Taiwan. The results also show that southwestern Taiwan is favorable, with monthly averages from 20 W/m² to 40 W/m². Located within 23.5°N, this area benefits from direct sunlight during the summer solstice and is predominantly flat with low altitudes, ensuring prolonged exposure to sunlight. This study provides crucial insights for strategic renewable energy development in Taiwan, supporting global efforts towards achieving net-zero carbon emissions.