Molecular characterization of an endophytic strain of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> with plant growth-promoting properties from a wild relative of papaya

Overall, this study underscores the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting potential of B. subtilis EVCu15, an endophyte isolated from mountain papaya seeds. Genomic analysis revealed a significant proportion of genes linked to biocontrol and plant growth promotion, corroborating its efficacy against M. incognita and various plant pathogens in vitro and in greenhouse studies. Furthermore, the bacterium's ability to produce diverse bioactive compounds, including proteins, hormones, and vitamins, was confirmed, highlighting its complex interactions within the plant system.