Energy governance systems and climate change in the world's major economies under the low carbon background

In response to the escalating global climate change crisis, countries worldwide have adjusted their energy structures to promote energy diversification and decarbonization. This study systematically compares the performance and measures of the world's major economies—specifically the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France—in terms of energy structure, carbon emissions, and climate change policies. By examining the historical evolution of climate change policies in these nations, this research aims to provide valuable insights and references for other countries formulating relevant development strategies and policy measures. Additionally, it seeks to offer a timely framework for establishing an innovative energy system that ensures economic and social development while promoting the rapid growth and widespread adoption of low-carbon energy, thereby addressing the challenges posed by climate change.