Multi-Objective Decarbonization of China's Power System: A Synergistic Method Framework with EnergyPLAN and NSGA-II

In the context of China's dual carbon goals (carbon peak by 2030, carbon neutrality by 2060), the power sector faces significant decarbonization challenges. This study aims to achieve a multi-obj ective decarbonization of future power systems by integrating electricity supply, economic affordability, and emissions reduction considerations. An innovative hybrid method framework coupling the EnergyPLAN tool with the NSGA-II algorithm is developed. EnergyPLAN simulates actual power system operations and planning, while NSGA-II performs multi-objective optimization, evaluating environmental, economic, and stability indicators. The results demonstrate that, compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, the proposed method framework can achieve a 95% emissions reduction at a lower system cost in China's power system by 2060. Additionally, it also performs the ability to prioritize either system stability or economic efficiency. This versatile framework can be applied to other regions and countries, providing valuable insights for policymakers and the power system in their efforts to achieve carbon neutrality.