Public Perception of Nontraditional Water Reuse in New Mexico: A Focus on Produced Water from Oil and Gas Production

Increasing water scarcity has made nontraditional water reuse a critical strategy for enhancing water supply in the United States. This study investigated public perceptions of nontraditional water reuse, particularly oil and gas–oil and gas produced water reuse, in New Mexico, using valid responses from 657 statewide survey participants. Results showed substantial public support (up to 68.5%) for reusing various nontraditional water sources, including produced water. Awareness gaps were identified, particularly among younger individuals, those with lower educational attainment, and residents in less drought severe counties. Statistical analysis revealed significantly greater support for nontraditional water reuse (>74%) in severely drought-stricken counties with an average drought severity and coverage index (DSCI) >300 compared to those in milder drought conditions (>62.1%, average DSCI < 200), highlighting the influence of direct experience with water scarcity on public attitudes. Increased public awareness correlated with stronger support for reuse initiatives, highlighting the need for targeted education and outreach efforts. Concerns about the safety of produced water reuse emphasized the importance of transparent communication on treatment processes, monitoring, and regulatory oversight to ensure safe reuse. These findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers to develop effective water reuse strategies and bolster public support for sustainable water management practices.