Stage-Based Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Bearings Using GNN and Correlation-Driven Feature Extraction

Bearings are critical components in mechanical systems, and their degradation process typically exhibits distinct stages, making stage-based remaining useful life (RUL) prediction highly valuable. This paper presents a model that combines correlation analysis feature extraction with a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approach for bearing degradation stage classification and RUL prediction, aiming to achieve accurate bearing life prediction. First, the proposed Pearson–Spearman correlation metric, along with Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and autoencoders, is used to group and fuse health indicators (HIs), thereby obtaining a health indicator (HI) that effectively reflects the bearing degradation process. Then, a model combining Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks is proposed for bearing degradation stage classification. Based on the classification results, the Adaptive Attention GraphSAGE–LSTM (AAGL) model, also introduced in this study, is employed to precisely predict the bearing’s remaining useful life.