Insights into two-dimensional hydromagnetic flow in porous and non-porous media: Horizontal channel behaviour with COMSOL Multiphysics

The novelty of this study is highlighted by its innovative exploration of two-dimensional hydro-magnetic flow in a horizontal channel, focusing on the interaction between porous and non-porous media under magnetic influence. Utilizing the finite element method within COMSOL Multiphysics, the research aims to explore how fluid behaviour is affected by the presence of porous materials and magnetic fields. The simulations reveal significant insights, such as the op-timal stability achieved with a finely meshed grid and grid-independent analysis. This work not only en-hances the understanding of magnetohydrodynamic processes but also opens up new avenues for practical applications in fields where controlling fluid flow in porous media is critical. Notably, the study finds that higher Eckert numbers correlate with lower Nusselt numbers, while higher Prandtl numbers enhance heat transfer rates from high-temperature surfaces. Addi-tionally, the analysis shows that Forchheimer and magnetic drag forces reduce skin friction on the bot-tom surface, with distinct patterns observed on the top surface. The COMSOL Multiphysics approach ef-fectively captures flow and temperature dynamics, of-fering valuable implications for the design of heat ex-changer devices.