Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Antibiotic Utilization in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The frequent use of antibiotics poses a variety of problems and is a global threat to health, especially bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. By employing antibiotics judiciously, we can prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance, resulting in reduced treatment costs, shorter hospital stays, finansial savings for healthcare institutions, and improved hospital services quality. This study aims to provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of antibiotic use in patients with pulmonary TB. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using medical records of inpatients diagnosed with pulmonary TB at Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya during 2019. Quantitave analysis employed the DDD/100 patient-days method, while qualitative analysis was conducted using the Gyssens algorithm. In total, 109 patients met the inclusion criteria. Antibiotic utilization patterns in pulmonary TB patients revealed the following: a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid was used in 31 patients (12.25%); a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol was used in 17 patients (6.72%); ceftriaxone was administered to 82 patients (32.41%); and levofloxacin was prescribed for 51 patients (20.16%). The highest quantitative analysis using DDD/100 patient-days was observed for isoniazid at 45.04, followed by ceftriaxone at 44.83 and levofloxacin at 35.26. qualitative analysis, according to the Gyssens method, resulted in Category O for 102 patients (93.57%), Category IIa for 4 patients (3.67%), Category IVb for 1 patient (0.92%), and Category VI for 1 patient (0.92%). From the results obtained it could be concluded that the utilization of antibiotics in treating pulmonary TB patients adhered to recommended guidelines.