The Impact of Demographic Characteristics on the Income of Migrant Workers Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a reverse migration wave from urban to rural areas. However, in the postpandemic period, as economic activities return to the "new normal," workers are migrating from rural to urban areas again, as labor migration is one of the livelihood strategies for many rural households. This study was conducted to assess the income status of migrant workers in the post-COVID-19 period. Additionally, the Tobit regression model was applied to analyze the impact of the demographic characteristics of migrant workers on their income during this period. Statistical results show that the average income of migrant workers is approximately 8.2 million VND per person per month. However, there is an income disparity among different groups of workers, with the most common income level for migrant workers being 5 million VND per person per month. Furthermore, Tobit regression analysis results indicate that educational attainment and years of migration are positively correlated with income. Meanwhile, the results suggest that there is no income difference between male and female workers. Additionally, the estimation results provide evidence of an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between age and income of workers. These findings serve as a scientific basis for relevant agencies to develop appropriate support policies for different groups of migrant workers.