REG Iα Levels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetics With and Without Complications Compared to Controls

Background: Diabetes and its complications are major global health challenges, prompting the search for early biomarkers. The REG Iα protein plays a role in the repair and restoration of damaged β-cells. Objective: To evaluate circulating REG Iα levels in diabetes patients (type 1 and 2) and assess their association with metabolic factors and disease complications. Methods: It is a cross sectional study that include 20 healthy controls (age- and sex-matched) and 70 patients (10 T1D and 60 T2D). REG Iα levels in serum were determined using ELISA, and clinical parameters such as Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were analyzed. Statistical correlations were evaluated using SPSS. Results: Circulating REG Iα levels were significantly elevated in both T1D and T2D patients versus controls. T2D patients demonstrated an inverse correlation between REG Iα levels and disease duration, whereas T1D patients showed elevated levels with advancing age. Patients with diabetic complications exhibited higher REG Iα levels than those without. Conclusion: Elevated REG Iα levels in diabetics suggest their potential as biomarkers for β-cell regeneration and disease progression. Their correlation with complications highlights the need for further exploration into their diagnostic and prognostic utility.