Genetic resource utilization in wild rice species: Genomes and gene bank

Rice stands as one of the foremost staple crops globally. The rice domestication and selective breeding processes have led to the loss or attenuation of numerous beneficial genes, resulting in a constrained genetic diversity within modern cultivated rice varieties. Consequently, this limitation poses significant challenges to the genetic enhancement of rice. One promising strategy for augmenting genetic resources is the exploration of beneficial genes present in the genomes of wild rice species, which may unlock opportunities for improved yields and enhanced stress resistance. This review consolidates extensive genomic and gene resource data from wild rice species, emphasizing variants associated with critical agronomic traits, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, yield traits, and other traits. Additionally, we examine the prospects and challenges related to using wild rice germplasm in breeding programs. The utilization of wild rice germplasm resources has made significant advancements, particularly in the high-quality genome assembly of 23 species. This progress includes identifying and analyzing superior genes associated with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, yield, and other traits in 13 species. This work encompasses all tetraploid species (BBCC, CCDD, HHKK, HHJJ, and KKLL) and five diploid species (AA, BB, CC, EE, FF, and GG).