A Clinical Study of Etiopathogenesis and Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammatory condition of the pancreas, ranging from mild to severe, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology is multifactorial, with common causes being gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. This study explores the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis, aiming to identify factors influencing disease progression and patient survival. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences from August 2022 to January 2024. Sixty adult patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis were enrolled based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological criteria. The severity was assessed using the BISAP score and CT severity index (CTSI), while outcomes were tracked through clinical evaluation and imaging findings. Result: The majority of patients were aged 31-40 (23.3%) and 51-60 (23.3) years with a higher incidence in males (61.7%). Alcohol consumption (48.3%) and biliary factors (38.3%) were the most common etiologies. Severe outcomes, including organ failure and mortality, were associated with higher CTSI scores and alcoholic etiology. Conclusion: Alcoholism and biliary causes were predominant in acute pancreatitis cases. The CTSI was a strong predictor of mortality and organ failure. Early diagnosis and appropriate management strategies, including conservative care, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.