Developing An Algorithm For Empirical Antibiotic Therapy Using Urinary Pus Cells And Hematological Markers In Urinary Tract Infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections globally, affecting individuals of all age groups and posing a significant public health challenge. While Escherichia coli is the leading causative agent, accounting for approximately 80% of infections, other pathogens such as Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus species also contribute to the disease burden. Clinical manifestations include dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and systemic symptoms like fever and flank pain in severe cases. Risk factors include anatomical anomalies, poor hygiene, urinary retention, diabetes, and immunosuppression. This study investigates the clinical features, common pathogens, and potential biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the severity of UTIs. Biomarkers such as white blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and urinary pus cell counts emerged as significant indicators for early diagnosis and pathogen identification. The findings highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management to mitigate complications such as recurrent infections and the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UTI pathogenesis and developing advanced strategies for prevention and treatment