Design and simulation of a PD controller for DC motor angle control

Nowadays, direct current (DC) motors are popular in all walks of life because of their many characteristics, such as simplicity and low cost. Precise angle control is critical for motors. Usually, the voltage can be changed to control the motor speed, but its position control cannot be achieved, so a microcontroller needs to be designed to control its angular position accurately. This research aims to design a proportional derivative (PD) control circuit to control the rotation angle of a DC motor accurately. By adjusting the coefficient Kp of the proportional control and the coefficient Kd of the differential control, the system can achieve a fast response and zero steady-state error while ensuring that the voltage of the operational amplifier does not exceed 15 volts. According to the set DC motor transfer function, this paper analyzes the most appropriate proportional coefficient and differential coefficient in octave, then uses Falstad for initial circuit construction and simulation, and finally uses Tinkercad for actual construction. By observing the output voltage waveform displayed by the oscilloscope, it can be determined whether the coefficient is appropriate. As part of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, PD control can be widely used in many fields, such as control of manipulators and aircraft, etc. Therefore, the position control of the motor is extremely important, and a PD controller needs to be designed to accurately control its angular position.