An overview of carbon nanotubes and their approaches

Nanotechnology has made tremendous strides in recent years, particularly in the creation of sensors with a wide range of applications. The basic components of nanotechnology are nanomaterials, which can be measured at the nanoscale. Materials with sizes measured in nanometres that resemble carbon tubes are known as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). They are made of graphite sheets, which resemble a continuous, rolled-up, indestructible hexagonal mesh structure with carbon molecules at the apexes. Carbon nanotubes are classified as single-walled (SWCNTs), double-walled (DWCNTs), or multi-walled (MWCNTs) based on the number of carbon layers they contain. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be produced using three basic methods: chemical vapour deposition, electric arc deposition, and laser accumulation. Low density, chemical inertness, high elasticity, and thermal conductivity are only a few of the many characteristics of carbon nanotubes. The study of materials in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other domains has benefited greatly from the unique properties of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have several useful applications, including drug delivery, water filtration, and sensing. Surface functionalisation can be used to create highly soluble chemicals, which can then be derivatised with active molecules to be used in biological systems. Surface functionalisation enables the adsorption or attachment of different chemicals or antigens, which can then be targeted towards a certain cell type for immunological awareness or therapeutic effects. This article discusses the characteristics of carbon nanotubes and their therapeutic uses in medication delivery and medical diagnostics. Additionally discussed are carbon nanotubes' antifungal and antibacterial properties.