Expression of estrogen receptors in gallbladder adenocarcinoma

Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBC) accounts for the most common malignancy of the biliary tract with females being the more commonly affected gender. This led to the urge to study hormone receptor expression in GBC. Research on the expression of estrogen receptors(ER) produced mixed results. Few studies reported 28% expression while others reported minimal to absent expression. This study conducted in the Pakistani population aimed to determine the frequency of ER and its therapeutic implications in people of this area.