Research on a risk assessment model for lower limb impact injuries based on multi-body dynamics

In high-risk environments such as military conflicts, aviation accidents, and competitive sports, lower limb injuries frequently occur. Numerical risk assessment is crucial for safety and protective design. This study developed a lower limb injury risk assessment model using multi-body dynamics theory for potential impact scenarios. The model was validated through cadaver pendulum experiments and finite element simulations at six different impact velocities. Correlation analysis of the proximal tibia force results was conducted, and injury probabilities under various loading conditions were determined. The findings indicate that the tibia force curves calculated by the model closely match those from cadaver experiments and finite element simulations, with peak errors within 10%. This demonstrates the high reliability and practicality of the multi-body model for lower limb injury risk assessment. The model provides strong support for studying lower limb injury risks under diverse impact loading scenarios.