Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Anti-Methanogen Potential of Red Betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) Leaf Extracts By Different Solvents

Abstract The red betel leaf ( Piper crocatum ) from the island of Sulawesi which is used as a medicinal plant. The red betel leaf contains secondary metabolite compounds that function as bioactive substances. This research aims to determine the phytochemical content and potential antioxidant and anti-methanogen activity of red betel leaf extracts. This research was conducted at the herbal laboratory of Materia Medika, Batu City, East Java. The raw material used was red betel leaf obtained from Materia Medika Garden. The extraction of red betel leaves used 3 types of solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol. The content of red betel leaf extracts with different solvents showed total phenols 6.5-16.43 mg/g, total tannins 1,05-4,31 mg/g, total flavonoids 8.11-18.3 mg/g. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate red betel leaf extract was IC 50 167.1. Anti-methanogen contained in red betel leaf extracts can reduce the number of methanogens with inhibitory power 13. 34% - 55.02%. The conclusion of this study is that red betel leaf extract has the potential to be used as a feed additive and reduce methane gas emissions in ruminants.