Dynamics of change among traditional pastoral communities in Tamil Nadu, India: A case study

This study explores the dynamics of change among traditional pastoral communities in Tamil Nadu, India, focusing on their livelihoods and income generation strategies. Through a field survey conducted in Madurai district, we gathered qualitative and quantitative data from interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations with 15 key informants and 3 focus groups. Our findings reveal significant shifts in pastoral practices, driven by factors such as reduced pastureland, government restrictions, and socio-economic pressures. Many herders have transitioned to other occupations, citing low income, lack of social recognition, and health issues as primary deterrents. However, initiatives by NGOs like SEVA and community organizations such as KIDAI show promise in reviving and sustaining pastoral practices through education, insurance support, and value-added product development. The study highlights the critical role of traditional pastoralism in biodiversity conservation and climate resilience, underscoring the need for policies that support sustainable pastoral livelihoods and protect grazing lands. Our research suggests that enhancing community engagement, promoting value-added products, and securing grazing rights are essential for the revival and sustainability of pastoralism in Tamil Nadu.