Implications of the Intriguing Constant Inner Mass Surface Density Observed in Dark Matter Halos

It has long been known that the observed mass surface density of cored dark matter (DM) halos is approximately constant, independently of the galaxy mass (i.e., ρcrc≃constant, with ρc and rc being the central volume density and the radius of the core, respectively). Here, we review the evidence supporting this empirical fact as well as its theoretical interpretation. It seems to be an emergent law resulting from the concentration–halo mass relation predicted by the current cosmological model, where the DM is made of collisionless cold DM particles (CDM). We argue that the prediction ρcrc≃constant is not specific to this particular model of DM but holds for any other DM model (e.g., self-interacting) or process (e.g., stellar or AGN feedback) that redistributes the DM within halos conserving its CDM mass. In addition, the fact that ρcrc≃constant is shown to allow the estimate of the core DM mass and baryon fraction from stellar photometry alone is particularly useful when the observationally expensive conventional spectroscopic techniques are unfeasible.