Civil Liability Arising from Genetically Modified Foods in China

Although the development of GMO technology can bring benefits to human beings, the safety and potential risks of genetically modified foods has always attracted the attention of researchers and has sparked lively debates among policymakers and legal scholars. In China, the legal framework governing GM foods remains a critical area of concern. This paper examines the regime of civil liability in China in relation to GM foods, focusing on the principles of no-fault liability and fault liability. It analyzes the legal provisions which shape the liability landscape of GM foods in China. If genetically modified food sold on the market poses a risk to consumer health, the producer and operator may be held liable under the principles of no-fault liability or fault liability in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code and Food Safety Law of China. Consumers can also seek compensation for damages in accordance with the aforementioned legal document. If the seller violates the consumer’s right to be informed about genetically modified (GM) food and the right to choose, the consumer can demand the cancellation of the sale contract and seek compensation for losses under the Civil Code. Additionally, they may also claim punitive damages in accordance with the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests. As a result of health damage caused by the eating of genetically modified food without approval, the injured party may claim liability for damages in accordance with the Civil Code. Even if no substantial damage to body tissues has been caused, the victim can still claim compensation for actual losses such as medical appraisal fees, transportation expenses, and lost earnings due to missed work. Regardless of whether there is substantial damage to physical health, the victim can also claim compensation for pain and suffering depending on the circumstances. The article aims to provide a comprehensive consideration of the current state of civil liability arising from GM foods in China, highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and implications for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and consumers.