How expectations of reciprocity impact donation and volunteer behavior to Nongame Wildlife Programs: a case study in Minnesota

Our research examines motivations behind support for wildlife conservation efforts, primarily through volunteering and donations. Using the Minnesota Nongame Wildlife Program as a case study, we focus on nature-based support motivations. Using novel applications of two theoretical frameworks, we surveyed 763 respondents and found significant links between motivations and volunteer and donor behaviors. Biodiversity and ecological reciprocity were key drivers of donor behavior, while perks and natural place-based motivations strongly influenced volunteering. These findings suggest broad interests in wildlife conservation beyond organized events, extending to local communities and private lands. Our results underscore the importance of aligning volunteer experiences with preferred motivations to sustain engagement. Integrating community science programs, which activate volunteer motivations, could enhance engagement and support for wildlife conservation efforts. By focusing on supporters’ conservation impact and broadening engagement strategies for donors and volunteers, conservation organizations can adapt to changing landscapes and foster long-term support for wildlife conservation.