Redlisting genetics: towards inclusion of genetic data in IUCN Red List assessments

Abstract Genetic diversity is critical for adaptation in response to changing environments and provides a valuable metric for predicting species’ extinction risk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and broader scientific community have acknowledged that genetic diversity is a critical component to biodiversity conservation. However, there remain gaps in the incorporation or application of genetic data to extinction risk assessments. Here, we describe how genetic diversity metrics can inform species extinction risk. Specifically, we focus on how information gained from genetic diversity metrics, and temporal reporting of changes in genetic diversity can complement existing IUCN Red List of Threatened Species criteria. We conclude by advocating for standardized reporting of genetic sequence data and calculated diversity metrics to facilitate the use of genetic data in threat assessments for IUCN and Red List-assessed species. This perspective highlights a critical need for, and a critical step towards, integration of genetic diversity metrics into Red List assessments. We expect our recommendations will complement ongoing work by the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Conservation Genetics Specialist Group to protect genetic diversity globally.