Lumbar Range of Motion Assessment using HALO Goniometer versus Double Inclinometer: A Reliability and Validation Study

Background: Accurate evaluation of lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) is crucial in clinical settings such as rehabilitation and orthopedic care. The traditional double inclinometer, while effective, has limitations related to time, variability, and positioning. The HALO digital goniometer offers a promising alternative with faster and more accurate measurements.Objective: This study aims to compare the intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the HALO digital goniometer against the double inclinometer in assessing lumbar spine ROM.Methods: A total of 64 participants aged 18-75 with low back pain were assessed using both devices. Lumbar flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation were measured across three sessions. The consistency of measurements by the same evaluator was assessed using a statistical measure of reliability, while the agreement between the two devices was examined through correlation analysis to establish concurrent validity.Results: The HALO goniometer showed excellent intra-rater reliability with ICC values ranging from 0.95 to 0.99. Strong positive correlations (r = 0.94 - 0.98) were also observed between the HALO goniometer and the double inclinometer for all ROM measurements.Conclusion: The HALO digital goniometer is a valid and reliable tool for measuring lumbar spine ROM, offering a practical alternative to the traditional double inclinometer in clinical practice.