Adaptation of the attitudes towards mobile-assisted language learning scale to Turkish culture and language

The use of technological devices, especially mobile devices, in language learning has increased the number of studies in this field. In this regard, it is essential to identify students' attitudes towards mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). Therefore, the present study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate Gönülal's (2019) attitudes towards the MALL (A-MALL) scale to the Turkish language and culture. The study included 250 EFL learners from different cities in Türkiye who completed the adapted version of the 15-item A-MALL scale. To align the assumed factor loadings as closely as possible with the target matrix, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the original study results as a calibration example. The results revealed that the adapted A-MALL scale has acceptable fit indexes; therefore, the Turkish version of the A-MALL scale is reliable and valid.