Mapping dusty galaxy growth at <i>z</i> &amp;gt; 5 with FRESCO: detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures

ABSTRACT We report the detection of a 13$\sigma$ H$\alpha$ emission line from HDF850.1 at $z=5.188\pm 0.001$ using the FRESCO (First Reionization Era Spectroscopically Complete Observations) NIRCam F444W grism observations. Detection of H$\alpha$ in HDF850.1 is noteworthy, given its high far-infrared (IR) luminosity, substantial dust obscuration, and the historical challenges in deriving its redshift. HDF850.1 shows a clear detection in the F444W imaging data, distributed between a northern and southern component, mirroring that seen in [C ii] from the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Modelling the spectral energy distribution of each component separately, we find that the northern component has a higher mass, star formation rate (SFR), and dust extinction than the southern component. The observed H$\alpha$ emission appears to arise entirely from the less-obscured southern component and shows a similar $\Delta$v$\sim$ + 130 ${\rm{km\,s}}^{-1}$ velocity offset to that seen for [C ii] relative to the source systemic redshift. Leveraging H$\alpha$-derived redshifts from FRESCO observations, we find that HDF850.1 is forming in one of the richest environments identified to date at $z\gt 5$, with 100 $z=5.17$–5.20 galaxies distributed across 13 smaller structures and a $\sim$(15 cMpc)$^3$ volume. Based on the evolution of analogous structures in cosmological simulations, the $z=5.17$–5.20 structures seem likely to collapse into a single $\gt 10^{14}$${\rm M}_{\odot }$ cluster by $z\sim 0$. Comparing galaxy properties forming within this overdensity with those outside, we find the masses, SFRs, and $UV$ luminosities inside the overdensity to be clearly higher. The prominence of H$\alpha$ line emission from HDF850.1 and other known highly obscured $z\gt 5$ galaxies illustrates the potential of NIRCam-grism programs to map both the early build-up of IR-luminous galaxies and overdense structures.

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Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2025-01-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030
Citations
20
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
23.10

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article

Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z &gt; 5 with FRESCO: detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures

Fabian Walter, Jorryt Matthee, G. D. Illingworth, Thomas Herard-Demanche et al.
20 citations
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
23.10
article

Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z &gt; 5 with FRESCO: detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures

Fabian Walter, Jorryt Matthee, G. D. Illingworth, Thomas Herard-Demanche, R. J. Bouwens, Rohan P. Naidu, R. A. Meyer, Ivo Labbé, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Mauro Stefanon, Ivana van Leeuwen, Naveen A. Reddy, Stijn Wuyts, Lucie E. Rowland, D. Schaerer, Irene Shivaei, Pieter van Dokkum, Erica J. Nelson, Pascal A. Oesch, H. Dannerbauer, Alice E. Shapley, Gabriel Brammer, Mengyuan Xiao, John Chisholm, Andrea Weibel, Roberto Decarli
article en
20 citations

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the detection of a 13$\sigma$ H$\alpha$ emission line from HDF850.1 at $z=5.188\pm 0.001$ using the FRESCO (First Reionization Era Spectroscopically Complete Observations) NIRCam F444W grism observations. Detection of H$\alpha$ in HDF850.1 is noteworthy, given its high far-infrared (IR) luminosity, substantial dust obscuration, and the historical challenges in deriving its redshift. HDF850.1 shows a clear detection in the F444W imaging data, distributed between a northern and southern component, mirroring that seen in [C ii] from the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Modelling the spectral energy distribution of each component separately, we find that the northern component has a higher mass, star formation rate (SFR), and dust extinction than the southern component. The observed H$\alpha$ emission appears to arise entirely from the less-obscured southern component and shows a similar $\Delta$v$\sim$ + 130 ${\rm{km\,s}}^{-1}$ velocity offset to that seen for [C ii] relative to the source systemic redshift. Leveraging H$\alpha$-derived redshifts from FRESCO observations, we find that HDF850.1 is forming in one of the richest environments identified to date at $z\gt 5$, with 100 $z=5.17$–5.20 galaxies distributed across 13 smaller structures and a $\sim$(15 cMpc)$^3$ volume. Based on the evolution of analogous structures in cosmological simulations, the $z=5.17$–5.20 structures seem likely to collapse into a single $\gt 10^{14}$${\rm M}_{\odot }$ cluster by $z\sim 0$. Comparing galaxy properties forming within this overdensity with those outside, we find the masses, SFRs, and $UV$ luminosities inside the overdensity to be clearly higher. The prominence of H$\alpha$ line emission from HDF850.1 and other known highly obscured $z\gt 5$ galaxies illustrates the potential of NIRCam-grism programs to map both the early build-up of IR-luminous galaxies and overdense structures.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyVol. 537(2)
University of California, Riverside (US), University of Geneva (CH), Leiden University (NL), University of Copenhagen (DK), Universidad de La Laguna (ES), Universitat de València (ES), University of California, Los Angeles (US), University of California, Santa Cruz (US), University of Colorado Boulder (US), Yale University (US), ETH Zurich (CH), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna (IT), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE), Centro de Astrobiología (ES), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), NSF NOIRLab (US), Wolfgang Pauli Institute (AT), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (ES), Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, University of Bath (GB), Swinburne University of Technology (AU), The University of Texas at Austin (US)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Technology Opportunities Program, Space Telescope Science Institute, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Universiteit Leiden, Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, High Energy Physics
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Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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