Biomechanical study on adsorption properties of modified rice husk based activated carbon for sulfamethoxazole

The use of waste desiliconized rice husk charcoal as the base material and modified activation treatment with potassium hydride and cobalt aric acid are aimed at preparing a nitrogen-doped magnetic activated carbon material, so as to explore and use the adsorption method to study its performance of sulfamethoxole. Incorporating biomechanical principles allows for a deeper understanding of how structural attributes influence adsorption efficiency. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, time and temperature on the adsorption behavior of materials were studied. For example, pH can significantly alter the surface charge of the adsorbent, affecting electrostatic interactions with the antibiotic molecules. Temperature influences molecular motion, enhancing the likelihood of successful adsorption events. Fourier infrared Spectrometer (FI-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), BET, thermoweight (TG) and other equipment were used to analyze its characteristics. The experimental results showed that the adsorption effect was best when the mass ratio of activated rice husk charcoal to cobalt acetate and urea was 1:0.4:2, the specific surface area could reach 900.9527 m2·g−1, and the average pore size was 3.0412 nm. At an initial concentration of 100 mg·L−1, the dosage is 0.015 g, the temperature is 35 ℃, and the adsorption time is 240 min, the adsorption effect is the best. The optimal adsorption combination was as follows: dosage of 0.015 g, initial concentration of sulfamethoxazole 100 mg·L−1, the adsorption time was 240 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 100.04 mg·g−1, and the adsorbent dosage had the most significant effect on the adsorption effect. Through the adsorption isotherm fit process, it conforms to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and belongs to chemical adsorption. This research highlights the biomechanical interactions at play in the adsorption process, providing a foundation for developing effective strategies to address sulfonamide antibiotic contamination through advanced activated carbon materials.