Batteries Energy Storage System for DC Electric Rail Transit Systems

The electric rail transport sector is the largest consumer of energy. It is divided into 70% for traction and 30% for station consumers. Therefore, there is a need to implement effective solutions to reduce their consumption and carbon emissions. Most energy optimization strategies focus on the effective control of regenerative electric braking energy recovery and storage in DC electric transportation railway systems. Many electric rail transit systems currently use batteries to optimize voltage and improve regenerative braking energy recovery. In this work, a thorough review of various aspects related to batteries applied in electric railway systems is presented, such as their characteristics and applications as well as their design, size, modeling, and management system.